Independent Journal of Allied Health Sciences

ACCESSIBILITY AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRONIC VERSUS PRINT BOOKS BY UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS

Ghulam Farid — 2021-09-22

Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the differences of accessibility and utilization of electronic (e-books) and print (p-books) books among undergraduate medical (MBBS) students. Study Design: Corss sectional study. Setting: At Shalamar Medical & Dental College (SMDC), Lahore. Period: Sep 2019 to Jan 2020. Material and Method: There were 600 st MBBS students from 1st year to final year and the data was collected from all enrolled MBBS students of SMDC. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), 20th version. Results: The study found out that the MBBS students used the e-books for study purpose. In the context of Prof. M. Akhtar Khan Library, SMDC, almost all the study books are available in both formats (e-books and p-books). The accessibility of both formats remains round the clock. It has been noted that, although accessibility to both formats is available yet ease of use factor remained tilted towards p-books. There are indications that the use of e-books may increase in the future while p-books may remain in priority as a learning tool and as reading preference. Conclusion: Most of the students were satisfied with usage and accessibility of ebooks but they preferred p-books. It is also found that participants preferred hybrid libraries due to accessibility and usage of both types of books.

SURVIVAL PRIMARY HEALTHCARE AND WELLBEING

Naveed Shibli — 2021-09-22

Objective: Survival strategies contributed towards human survival. Aim: Healthcare is a survival strategy. Patients' chose medicine, homeopathy and herbal treatments for healthcare needs. Does healthcare preference is associated with certain human self-related factors and reflects links toward human history or evolution was the question that was focused in the present work? Study design: Randomiced corrnoltrial. Setting: Clinics of Faisalabad. Period: Dec 2016 to Mar 2017. Material and Method: 102 patients, 34 each visiting allopathic, homeopathic and herbal clinics for treatment tested on Satisfaction with Life Scale and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience. Results: Correlation between positive affect and life satisfaction found as, r (100) = .494, p < 0.05, inverse correlation emerged between positive affect and negative effect, r100) = -.224. p< 0.01, similarly between positive affect and life satisfaction, r(100) = -.252. p< 0.01. Some visible findings about economic status of participants' and treatment preference also came in light. Conclusion: Link between healthcare preference and economic status of participants' found that hinted towards the possibility to compare modern survival with the findings about ancient, historic and evolutionary survival those reflect that there were more chances for stronger to survive. More and broader context studies recommended.

FREQUENCY OF STRESS, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN CLINICAL AND PRE-CLINICAL PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS

Sameen Saeed — 2021-09-22

Background: Depression is a psychological disorder which is characterized by persistent low mood for two weeks or more. Anxiety is a state of uneasiness. Stress occurs when an individual is in such a condition that he/she is unable to cope with. Students especially those belonging to health sciences are seen to be more affected by these psychological phenomena. Burden of study, huge syllabus and continuous exams and visas are considered to be leading causes. Objective: To calculate the frequency of stress, anxiety and Depression in the physiotherapy students of Allama Iqbal Medical College. Study design: A cross-sectional Study. Setting: Decart ment of Physiotherapy at Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore. Period: Nov 2016 to Feb 2017. Material and Method: 40 subjects were included in the study. The duration of the study was four months. Convenience Sampling was carried out. The data was collected with the help of DASS21. The data was analyzed with the help of SPSS version 16.0 Results: Results show that 70% students had depression, 82.5% had anxiety and 37.5% had stress. The frequency of stress, anxiety and Depression was resulted to be higher in males as compared to females. Depression and Stress was higher in students in their pre-clinical years of study whereas anxiety was higher in clinical years of study Conclusion: Students of physical therapy are prone to Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Males were seen to be more affected. Students in their pre-clinical years were seen to be more affected.

EVIDENCE BASED DENTISTRY: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES AMONGST UNDERGRADUATES/ GRADUATES OF KARACHI

Aisha Wali — 2021-09-22

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the Knowledge, attitude, practices and perceived barriers of evidence-based dentistry amongst undergraduates/ graduates of Karachi. Setting: Dental College of Karachi. Study design: cross sectional study. Period: October 2019- March 2020. Material and Method: Amongst undergraduates and graduates of two dental colleges chosen at random from the list of dental colleges of Karachi. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the participants. The questionnaire consisted of total 15 questions to assess Knowledge (6 questions), attitude, (5 questions) practices(3questions) and barriers (1 question) of evidence -based dentistry. Data was entered into SPSS version 22. Chisquare test was used to analyze the data. A mean score of Knowledge was obtained and different variables by using independent t-test and ANOVA as required. Pearson correlation was done to find correlation of knowledge score with variables. Results: A total of 342 participants responded to the questionnaire and there were 43.9% males and 56.1% females. Regarding age73.7% of the respondents aged between 20-25 years. Conclusion: The current study concluded that students and house surgeons were familiar with the term evidence-based dentistry when compared to the faculty members. The findings of the study also showed a positive attitude towards evidence-based dentistry.

ANALYSIS OF THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN AND NEPAL

Misbah Akram — 2021-09-22

Introduction: A country's health system (HCDS) plays a key role in its growth and development. Providing efficient, high-quality healthcare leading to a marked decline in illnesses and deaths across the country. These amenities are delivered primarily to promote, protect and maintain the health of population and enable them to participate in the development of the country. Health currently is a global problem and HCDS and its challenges are different and specific in all countries of the world. The assessment of HCDS if a country is essential to determine its critical resources, challenges and efficient and judicial use of these resources. Here we study Pakistan's HCDS in contrast to Nepal, in terms of health services, finance, healthcare professionals, information, medical equipment and technologies, service delivery and finally make some commendations that address the system's critical problems.

THE INCIDENCE OF PARTIAL EDENTULISM IN PATIENTS REPORTING TO ISLAMIC INTERNATIONAL DENTAL COLLEGE, ISLAMABAD

Sara Amir Khan — 2021-09-22

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of various partial edentulism cases among a selected population sample. Study Design: A cross sectional (observational study) Setting: Department of Prosthodontics. Period: 15th Jan 2020 to 15th July 2020. Material and Method: A total of 200 patients of both genders were selected using nonprobability purposive sampling. Demographic data was recorded, and intra-oral examination was done after getting informed consent from patients. Kennedy's Classification was used to determine the category of the modification area, for Kennedy's partially edentulous cases. Partially edentulous patients were categorized with respect to age and gender. Results: Out of 200 patients, majority were males(n= 122; 56.0%).Age group 41 to 50 years had maximum number of partially edentulous patients (males 23; 26.1%, females 33; 29.5%). Class III partially edentulous pattern was higher in frequency of examined cases in both arches (mandibular 83; 41.5%. maxilla 81; 40.5%) whereas least frequent was class IV (mandible16; 8.0, maxillary 24; 12.0%). Conclusion: Kennedy's Class III was the most frequently examined partially edentulous in mandible and maxilla, while class IV are the least. Posterior modifications are more frequent than anterior in both arches. Requirement of Prosthodontic treatment in females is higher than males and it increases with age.

ANTIMICROBIAL MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Shumaila Tahir — 2021-09-22

Objective: To determine the frequency of antimicrobial multi-drug resistance in urinary tract infection. Setting: Medical unit II of Jinnah post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi. Study design: Cross sectional study. Period: Six months. 5th September 2016 to 5th March 2017. Material and Method: This was a prospective, observational, case series study. Patients with diagnosis of urinary tract infection were enrolled. Detailed history, physical examination and biochemical measurements were recorded. Patients were followed to determine for outcome variable i-e antimicrobial Multi drug resistance. Results: Hundred and eight patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The mean±standard deviation age of study population was 47.92±12.349 years. On analysis of demographics data it was observed. 39(36.1%) were below 40 years of age & 69(63.9%) were of age 40 years and above. 60(55.6%) were males and 48(44.4%) were females.35 (32.4%) patients had DM. 42(38.9%) had Nosocomial infection. 79(73.1%) had duration of disease less than 3days. 64 (59.3%) had hospital stay Less than 5days. On analysis of frequency of outcome variable 29 (26.9%) had MDR. Conclusion: Antimicrobial multi-drug resistance is not uncommon in patients with Urinary tract infection. E.coli was frequently cultured organism and was significantly associated with antimicrobial MDR.

STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS OF GC WOMEN UNIVERSITY FAISALABAD PAKISTAN (GCWUF)

Qamar Yasmeen — 2021-09-22

Background: To identify the risk factors of stress, anxiety and depression among university female students in Faisalabad. Objective: To determine the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression, among undergraduate female students in Govt college women university Faisalabad (GCWUF). Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Setting: Women university Faisalabad. Period: Dec 2017 to Feb 2018. Material and Method: The study was carried out on 125 students. Semi-structured stress, Anxiety and depression questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Data processed and analyzed in SPSS. Results: The result of the study on, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) shows the different levels of stress, (49.6% mild, 33.6% moderate and 10.2% severe), Anxiety (49.7% mild, 37.5% moderate and 7.7% severe) and depression (59.7%mild, 26.3% moderate and 8.3% severe) levels. The level of stress, anxiety and depression were positively associated with the demographic variables, academic and personal factors. Conclusion: As the results showed, sociodemographic, academic and personal factors are significantly associated with stress, anxiety and depression. Adolescents can be prevented from getting into psychological disability, morbidity and mortality by devising strategies for student's mental health and addressing the identified risk factors.

RABIES: AN IMPORTANT PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM

AKHTER SAEED — 2021-09-22

RABIES: AN IMPORTANT PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM